Testing a Real-time Electronic Antiretroviral Adherence Monitoring Intervention

Official title

Pilot Trial of a Real-time Electronic Adherence Monitoring Intervention for Antiretroviral Therapy

Overview

The investigators propose using an electronic adherence device that is basically a pill container that can alert when it is not opened at a scheduled time. The investigators will use this device to alert the medication user at the time when medication is supposed to be taken if the device did not get opened and a pre-identified social support person or case manager when 2 or 7 consecutive days of nonadherence are detected, respectively. The investigators call our approach "A-Team" (Antiretroviral Therapy Electronic Adherence Monitoring). The aims of this application are to determine the acceptability and feasibility of real-time adherence monitoring in support persons and case managers of African American Men who have sex with Men and to test this approach for these men in a 6-month randomized controlled trial among 54 of these men living with HIV and measure ART adherence and viral suppression (the primary outcome).

Detailed description

African American men who have sex with men (AAMSM) have high HIV infection rates and disproportionate mortality. Critical to ending the HIV epidemic are efforts to reduce HIV transmission by optimizing antiretroviral adherence and suppressing viral load. The investigators propose using responsive electronic adherence monitoring (EAM) in a tiered approach from least to most resource utilization where the EAM device alerts the medication user at the time non-adherence is detected and a pre-identified social support person or case manager when 2 or 7 consecutive days of nonadherence are detected, respectively. The investigators call our approach "A-Team" (Antiretroviral Therapy Electronic Adherence Monitoring) because we provide a team serving a common goal to persons struggling with adherence. This intervention draws on the situated Information Motivation Behavioral Skills Model and is informed by emerging social support literature. Real-time ART adherence monitoring with a triaged response to missed doses informs the patient in real-time of each potential non-adherence event, motivates medication adherence, and positively influences adherence behavioral skills, resulting in viral suppression. This study will be the first to discover how social support persons and case managers perceive this approach, what concerns they may have, and how they respond to one or multiple notifications of missed doses. The aims of this application are to determine the acceptability and feasibility of real-time adherence monitoring in support persons and case managers of AAMSM and to pilot a triaged responsive real-time monitoring adherence intervention for AAMSM. The investigators will implement a 6-month pilot randomized controlled trial among 54 AAMSM living with HIV and measure ART adherence and viral suppression (the primary outcome). Lessons learned from this project may be useful to the field of adherence in these and other persons living with HIV and other diseases.

Interventions

• Behavioral A-TEAM
  Participants randomized to the intervention arm will receive the proposed intervention, which involves an electronic adherence device called Wisepill and triaged text alerts to the user, the social support, and the case manager for same day, two day, and seven day device non-openings.

Primary outcome measures

• Viral load suppression [Time frame: At 6 months after introduction of the intervention.]

Secondary outcome measures (1)

• Adherence [Time frame: At the end of month 1, month 2, month 3, month 4, month 5 and at 6 months]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

Participant inclusion criteria:

• AAMSM >18 years with self-reported HIV infection;
• own a working cell phone;
• on ART for at least 6 months;
• have a case manager willing to participate in the study (for the clinical trial); and
• have suboptimal adherence - either have a detectable viral load in the past 6 months, self-reported <90% adherence based on a 3-item measure or referral by their healthcare provider because of a recognized problem with ART adherence.

For social support persons, participants will:

• report that they have a self-described meaningful relationship with the participant;
• be >18 years of age;
• own a working cell phone and;
• be willing to provide support.

For case managers, participants will have worked with clients with HIV at least 6 months prior to their participation in this study and own a working cell phone.

Exclusion criteria

• Not meeting the inclusion criteria
• Not agreeing to informed consent concerning interactions with research team, data collection, and access to medical records.
• Candidates must provide consent to obtain a copy of their viral load results during the 12 months before and following study onset to confirm eligibility and explore long-term follow-up of possible effect.

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: Yes

Study design

Allocation

Randomized

Model

Parallel assignment

Masking

Open label

Primary purpose

Prevention

Study locations

United States · 1 center

• University of Illinois Chicago — Chicago

Identifiers

NCT: NCT06550804 · 2023-0873

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗