Low VS High-fidelity Interprofessional Simulation for ABG Skills Acquisition

Official title

Effectiveness of Low-fidelity Versus High-fidelity Interprofessional Simulation on the Acquisition of Theoretical and Practical Knowledge of Arterial Blood Gas Testing: a Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial

Overview

This randomized clinical trial will evaluate the effectiveness of an interprofessional simulation intervention for medical and nursing students. The primary aim is to compare the effectiveness of high-fidelity versus low-fidelity interprofessional simulation in improving knowledge and skills related to the ABG test. The hypothesis is that participants in the high-fidelity interprofessional simulation group will develop better knowledge and skills for ABG testing compared to those in the low-fidelity group. The secondary aims are to evaluate the effectiveness of high-fidelity interprofessional simulation compared to low-fidelity interprofessional simulation in (i) enhancing self-efficacy and self-confidence in learning, and (ii) improving interprofessional education and satisfaction with the simulation experience. It is hypothesized that participants in the high-fidelity interprofessional simulation group will report higher levels of self-efficacy, self-confidence, interprofessional education, and satisfaction with the learning experience post-intervention compared to those in the low-fidelity interprofessional simulation group. The key questions it seeks to address are: 1. Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation help in developing better technical skills for ABG testing? 2. Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation lead to greater self-efficacy and self-confidence? 3. Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation lead to greater satisfaction with the experience, readiness for interprofessional simulation, and better perceptions of interprofessional education? The researchers will compare high-fidelity interprofessional simulation (immersive medical training room with an actor) to low-fidelity interprofessional simulation (a structured clinical case analysis) to assess whether high-fidelity simulation effectively enhances knowledge and skills on arterial blood gas tests, as well as interprofessional collaboration and attitudes. Participants will: * Attend brief interactive lessons on the principles, technique, and interpretation of arterial blood gas tests. * Participate in a series of clinical-based interprofessional simulation scenarios delivered in low- or high-fidelity.

Detailed description

After randomization, participants will be assigned sequentially into ten groups to form five high-fidelity interprofessional simulation groups and five low-fidelity interprofessional simulation groups. Each group will consist of six students, including three medical students and three nursing students.

Students will be asked to review and sign the informed consent form to confirm their participation in the study.

Participants will be asked to complete the baseline assessment by completing a questionnaire set. They will be subjected to a brief educational video covering the definition and purpose of the ABG test, the diagnostic and clinical rationale for conducting it, and the technique, including patient assessment, required equipment, factors to consider before performing the procedure, questions to ask the patient, identification of the puncture site, sampling steps, and proper disposal of materials. Additionally, a brief interpretation of ABG test results will be provided, focusing on pH values, carbon dioxide levels, and bicarbonate levels to identify the four main diagnoses: respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, and metabolic alkalosis.

At the end of the video presentation, participants will be informed about which group they have been assigned to.

During the simulation activities, two independent observers will assess the performance of participants.

At the end of the simulation activities, all students from both groups will be taken separately to designated plenary rooms, where a member of the research team will conduct a debriefing session.

At the conclusion of the debriefing session, each participant will be asked to complete a set of questionnaires.

Interventions

• Other High-fidelity interprofessional simulation
  Students will participate in realistic (high-fidelity) interprofessional simulation scenarios to practice and interpret ABG procedures.
• Other Low-fidelity interprofessional simulation
  Students will take part in low-fidelity interprofessional simulation scenarios. Cases will be discussed, and reflection on ABG execution and interpretation will be guided using paper descriptions and clinical files.

Primary outcome measures

• Evaluation of Knowledge and Practices during the simulation [Time frame: 10 minutes - During the simulation scenarios]

Secondary outcome measures (5)

• General Self Efficacy Scale - GSE [Time frame: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention]
• Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning - SCLS [Time frame: Post-intervention]
• Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale - IEPS [Time frame: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention]
• Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale - RIPLS [Time frame: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention]
• Satisfaction with simulation experience - SSE [Time frame: Post-intervention]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Early-career students (First-year Nursing Bachelor's Degree; second-year Medicine \& Surgery Degree)
• Regularly enrolled in their courses (attended at least 70% of classes)
• Proficient in English (reading and speaking)
• Aged 18 years or older

Exclusion criteria

• Students who have previously taken classes on arterial blood gas sampling
• Those who have prior work experience as healthcare professionals (e.g., laboratory technicians, phlebotomists)
• Students who have previously experience in interprofessional learning activities
• Students who have previously experience in the simulation center

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: Yes

Study design

Allocation

Randomized

Model

Parallel assignment

Masking

Open label

Primary purpose

Other

Study locations

Italy · 1 center

• University of Torino - Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences — Orbassano

Publications

• Conti A, Bidoggia F, Daga FA, Ferraris A, Penso R, Piovan C, Simionato L, Lembo D, Sciascia S; Advanced MedSim Team. Effectiveness of low-fidelity versus high-fidelity interprofessional simulation on the acquisition of theoretical and practical knowledge of arterial blood gas testing: a parallel randomized controlled trial (ELVHIS-ABG-RCT) protocol. BMC Nurs. 2026 Apr 11;25(1):474. doi: 10.1186/s1 PMID 41965681

Identifiers

NCT: NCT06493188 · INTSIM_GB_UNITO_01

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗