Adapting Enhanced Recovery Programs for Low Health Literacy Patients

Rationale: Low health literacy affects over a third of surgical populations and is associated with significantly worse outcomes in surgery. Interventions that reduce disparities in this large population are urgently needed. Previous work has shown that enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) mitigate racial disparities in surgical outcomes and offer a pragmatic way to address surgical disparities. Existing ERPs, however, work poorly for patients with low health literacy who still experience worse outcomes. This gap arises from the lack of fit between current ERPs and the needs of low health literacy patients. Prior work through a K23 grant assessed these needs and developed a novel multilevel strategy to improve fit: engage patients with VISuAl aids, Coach providers in communication, and Train organizations in health literacy (VISACT). An opportunity now exists to deliver and test the VISACT using a theory-based adaptation framework. Successful adaptations would transform existing ERPs and broaden its disparity-reducing impact to low health literacy populations. Objectives: The long-term objective is to eliminate disparities and improve outcomes for low health literacy populations in surgery through context-driven adaptations of existing ERPs. The hypothesis is that VISACT will improve fidelity to ERP's components for low health literacy patients and thereby surgical outcomes. To achieve this objective, the aims are: (SA1) identify the health literacy-sensitive components of ERPs to augment with VISACT, (SA2) assess the health literacy needs of providers and organizational units on ERP teams, and (SA3) deliver and pilot test the VISACT implementation strategy on existing ERPs. Methods: First, guided by the Dynamics Adaptation Process framework, machine learning on a large ERP database (n\>7,000) will be used to identify the health literacy-sensitive components of ERPs to augment with VISACT (SA1). Second, a convergent mixed-methods integrative approach will be used to identify gaps in health literacy knowledge, best practices, and preparedness to adapt on ERP implementation teams through three interrelated methods: in vivo observations of ERPs in-action at 4 Alabama facilities, extended semi-structured interviews of 120 stakeholders, and surveys measuring health literacy knowledge and organizational preparedness to adapt. Third, the VISACT intervention will be tested at two sites in Alabama (urban and rural) through a novel interactive response platform in a pilot study and assessed for feasibility/acceptability through a RE-AIM framework of reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance measures. Acquired data will inform design of a multi-institutional stepped-wedge trial of the VISACT in the Deep South. Significance: This study will advance the NIH/NIMHD mission to eliminate surgical disparities and responds directly to the NIMHD Science Visioning Research Strategies by removing health literacy barriers (#24) and building the science of adapting interventions to different contexts (#30). The project will furthermore (i) deliver the first health literate intervention in surgery, (ii) establish a novel implementation strategy (VISACT) to address surgical disparities and (iii) advance the science of interventions through adaptations.

• Efficacy - Length-of-stay of index surgical hospitalization [Time frame: 16-24 months]
• Adoption - Completion rate of the intervention (VISACT) by participants per month [Time frame: 16-24 months]
• Implementation - Fidelity rate of patients with components of the Enhanced Recovery Program [Time frame: 16-24 months]
• Maintenance - Long-term adoption rate of the intervention (VISACT) per year [Time frame: 16-24 months]
• Efficacy - Readmission rate [Time frame: 16-24 months]
• Efficacy - Complications rate [Time frame: 16-24 months]