China Research for Severe Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage（CRISIH）

Overview

Background: Although emergency surgery may reduce mortality in patients with severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SSICH), the effectiveness and safety of surgical treatment among SSICH patients receiving long-term oral antiplatelet therapy (LOAPT) remain unclear. The CRISIH registry was originally designed to evaluate the effect and safety of emergency surgery in SSICH patients receiving LOAPT and has subsequently continued as an ongoing multicenter registry of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods: The CRISIH registry is an ongoing prospective, multicenter cohort registry conducted across participating clinical centers in China. The registry was initiated in November 2019 and is designed as a 10-year registry with continued recruitment and follow-up. Data from the initial five-year enrollment period are used for interim and secondary analyses, while recruitment and follow-up continue during the subsequent registry period. Clinical, radiological, surgical, laboratory, and follow-up information are collected using standardized case report forms. For the originally registered primary outcome, patients are followed until death or 6 months after the occurrence of primary hemorrhage; selected follow-up assessments and secondary analyses may extend beyond this period according to the registry protocol. Study Design: The CRISIH registry was designed as a prospective, multicenter cohort registry of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. One originally registered comparative focus evaluates SSICH patients receiving LOAPT, comparing total mortality and survival outcomes between patients receiving emergency surgical treatment and those receiving conservative treatment. The safety of surgery is assessed by comparing postoperative hemorrhagic complications among operated patients with and without LOAPT. Based on the observed clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients receiving LOAPT, the registry also evaluates ischemic events after discontinuation of LOAPT and explores coagulation function assessment strategies in operated patients receiving LOAPT. Objective: The CRISIH registry aims to prospectively evaluate clinical outcomes and management strategies in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. An originally registered focus of the registry is to assess the effectiveness and safety of emergency surgery among SSICH patients receiving LOAPT, thereby generating evidence to support future clinical management. Secondary Analysis Update: The present update describes an interim secondary analysis of the ongoing CRISIH registry based on patients enrolled during the initial five-year period from November 2019 to December 2024. This analysis focuses on postoperative disorders of consciousness after surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, with consciousness status assessed at 30, 90, 180, and 365 days after surgery using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. This interim secondary analysis does not alter the ongoing registry design, recruitment status, or originally registered primary outcome.

Interventions

• Procedure Emergency neurosurgery
  Surgical evacuation for intracerebral hemorrhage
• Procedure Conservative treatment
  Standard treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage

Primary outcome measures

• Total mortality [Time frame: From admission to 6 months after the occurrence primary hemorrhage]

Secondary outcome measures (2)

• Postoperative intracranial bleeding [Time frame: Within one week after surgery]
• Postoperative disorders of consciousness [Time frame: 30, 90, 180, and 365 days after surgery]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Age 18 years or older.
• Spontaneous, nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage.
• Treatment with surgical or conservative management according to clinical indications and routine clinical practice.
• Written informed consent provided by the patient or legally authorized representative/family member.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients had cerebrovascular diseases associated with hemorrhage, such as intracranial aneurysm, cerebrovascular malformation, or intracranial tumors.
• Hemorrhagic transformation of cerebral infarction.
• Hemorrhage caused by cerebral venous thrombosis.
• Patients with severe coagulation disorder, such as hemophilia.
• Patients with coagulation dysfunction caused by malignant tumor, hepatic insufficiency, renal dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, coagulation diseases, or related conditions.
• Patients receiving other anticoagulation medications, including vitamin K antagonists or novel oral anticoagulants.
• Patients who died before arrival at the hospital, on arrival at the hospital, or within a short period (6 hours) after admission.

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: No

Study design

Observational model

Cohort

Study locations

China · 1 center

• Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Tiantan Hospital — Beijing

Publications

• Cordonnier C, Demchuk A, Ziai W, Anderson CS. Intracerebral haemorrhage: current approaches to acute management. Lancet. 2018 Oct 6;392(10154):1257-1268. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31878-6. PMID 30319113
• Hemphill JC 3rd, Greenberg SM, Anderson CS, Becker K, Bendok BR, Cushman M, Fung GL, Goldstein JN, Macdonald RL, Mitchell PH, Scott PA, Selim MH, Woo D; American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology. Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the Ameri PMID 26022637
• Morgenstern LB, Hemphill JC 3rd, Anderson C, Becker K, Broderick JP, Connolly ES Jr, Greenberg SM, Huang JN, MacDonald RL, Messe SR, Mitchell PH, Selim M, Tamargo RJ; American Heart Association Stroke Council and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/Amer PMID 20651276
• Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Rowan EN, Murray GD, Gholkar A, Mitchell PM; STICH II Investigators. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial lobar intracerebral haematomas (STICH II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2013 Aug 3;382(9890):397-408. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60986-1. Epub 2013 May 29. PMID 23726393
• Goyal N, Tsivgoulis G, Malhotra K, Katsanos AH, Pandhi A, Alsherbini KA, Chang JJ, Hoit D, Alexandrov AV, Elijovich L, Fiorella D, Nickele C, Arthur AS. Minimally invasive endoscopic hematoma evacuation vs best medical management for spontaneous basal-ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019 Jun;11(6):579-583. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014447. Epub 2019 Jan 7. PMID 30617144
• Wang WZ, Jiang B, Liu HM, Li D, Lu CZ, Zhao YD, Sander JW. Minimally invasive craniopuncture therapy vs. conservative treatment for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results from a randomized clinical trial in China. Int J Stroke. 2009 Feb;4(1):11-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00239.x. PMID 19236490
• Xia Z, Wu X, Li J, Liu Z, Chen F, Zhang L, Zhang H, Wan X, Cheng Q. Minimally Invasive Surgery is Superior to Conventional Craniotomy in Patients with Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg. 2018 Jul;115:266-273. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.04.181. Epub 2018 May 3. PMID 29730105
• Lovelock CE, Molyneux AJ, Rothwell PM; Oxford Vascular Study. Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study. Lancet Neurol. 2007 Jun;6(6):487-93. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70107-2. PMID 17509483

Identifiers

NCT: NCT05975398 · KY2019-096-02-1

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗