The Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplatation on Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients Resistant to Conventional Treatment

Official title

RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLIND CONTROLLED STUDY ASSESSING THE EFFICACY OF FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS RESISTANT TO CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT

Overview

Current pharmacological management of inflammatory rheumatism and in particular axial SpA remains imperfect. Only 50% of patients respond to the most effective biotherapies, and many of them are only partially relieved. In addition, these are extremely expensive treatments that expose them to the risk of potentially serious side effects. Compelling evidence indicates that gut dybiosis could be a critical trigger of inflammation in axial SpA and thus correcting dysbiosis represents an attractive way of reversing the pathogenic process.The efficacy of FMT in patients with axial SpA has never been studied. This randomized double-blind study will be the first to assess feasability of FMT in axial SpA, the capacity of this procedure to restore healthy microbiome, its tolerance and its potential efficacy on disease activity. If sucessfull, this trial would set the path to larger-scale clinical trials of FMT to treat axial SpA. Two-co primary objectives in a hierarchical design: * to evaluate the capacity of FMT to correct dysbiosis in active axial SpA despite well-conducted phamacological treatment by replacing pre-existing dysbiotic microbiota with healthier microbiota. * to explore the efficacy of FMT versus placebo on clinical evolution of SpA.

Detailed description

Axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the sacroiliac and spinal joints that usually begins in young adults and is a major cause of chronic pain and disability that profoundly alter the quality of life of patients. Besides non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the development of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and anti-interleukin (IL-17) biotherapies and of JAK inhibitors, has improved the management of these patients. However only half of the patients respond to these treatments and many of them are only partially relieved. Remarkably, this disorder frequently combines with overt inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) -i.e. Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC)- and even more frequently with subclinical gut inflammation, leading to suspect a role of the gut microbiota as a possible trigger. Consistently, recent studies evidenced an alteration of gut microbiota composition -or dysbiosis- in the course of SpA that appeared all the more pronounced that disease was more active. It was notably shown a restriction of bacterial diversity and an expansion of species considered as potentially pro-inflammatory, including Ruminococcus gnavus. Given its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of SpA, gut microbiota could be considéred as a promising therapeutic target. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a technic consisting in thorough replacement of dysbiotic microbiota by healthy dondor's microbiota that has recently been developped to correct dysbiosis. It has been validated for the treatment of intractable colitis due to Clostridium difficile and its efficacy has been reported in CD or UC. The current trial, aims to evaluate efficacy of FMT in drug-resistant axial SpA.

Interventions

• Drug active FMT
  MaaT033®, a lyophilized full-ecosystem intestinal microbiota delayed release oral capsule containing native, donor-derived (pooled from 4-6 donors) microbiome product manufactured by MaaT Pharma® will be delivered orally. Patients will receive 20 Maat033 capsules, each containing approximatively 0.42 g of microbiome product at once at day 0, then 3 capsules/day from day 1 through day 20.
• Drug Placebo
  Patients will receive 20 capsules placebo, each containing placebo at once at day 0, then 3 capsules/day from day 1 through day 20.

Primary outcome measures

• Increase in gut Metagenome Species Pangenome (MSP) richness in the "intervention" arm. [Time frame: at baseline and D 42]
• The proportion of patients satisfying ASAS 20 improvement criteria by randomization group [Time frame: at D 42]

Secondary outcome measures (7)

• efficacy of FMT [Time frame: week 6]
• Change of dysbiotic fecal microbiota [Time frame: at baseline, at weeks 3, 12 and 24]
• Clinical improvement [Time frame: at baseline, weeks 3, 6, 12 and 24]
• ESR and CRP levels [Time frame: at weeks 3, 6, 12 and 24]
• CHANGE OF ASDAS_CRP and ASDAS_ESR [Time frame: at weeks 3, 6, 12 and 24]
• Change in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index [Time frame: at weeks 3, 6, 12 and 24]
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) intake [Time frame: through study completion, an average of 18 months]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Adult patient (age 18 to 75 years old) with SpA, meeting the ASAS classification criteria for axial SpA, with presence of radiographic sacro-illitis (ankylosing spondylitis) or not.
• Patient suffering of active SpA, with or without treatment, having a BASDAI score ≥ 4 (0-10) at baseline and a score of back pain ≥ 4 (0-10) despite optimal drug management for at least 6 months including at least 2 different NSAIDs at the maximum tolerated dose for at least 2 months (or less in case of intolerance or contra-indication) and at least a first line of biotherapy (anti-TNFα or anti-IL-17) for at least 4 months (or less in case of intolerance or contra-indication).
• Subjects are allowed to continue NSAID, sulfasalazin (≤ 3 g/day) and/or methotrextae ( ≤ 25 mg/week) and/or hydroxychloroquine (≤ 400 mg/day) and/or oral corticosteroid (≤ 10 mg/day of prednisone), as long as these treatments have remained at stable dose for 4 weeks prior to baseline.
• Subjects are allowed to continue anti-TNFα, anti-IL-17 or JAKinhibitor therapies, as long as these treatments have remained at stable dose for 3 months prior to baseline.
• Women of childbearing potential with efficient contraceptive protection at the inclusion and during at least the interventional phase (D168).
• Patient with health insurance (AME except).
• Patient is willing to provide written informed consent prior to enrolment and agrees to follow the protocol.

Exclusion criteria

• Patient under legal protection (guardianship or curatorship)
• Subject who, in the judgment of the Investigator, is likely to be non-compliant or uncooperative during the study, or unable to cooperate because of a language problem, poor mental development
• Pregnant or breastfeeding woman
• Patient with IBD in active state, according to the judgment of the Investigator
• Corticosteroid injection within 4 weeks before inclusion
• Active infection according to the judgment of the Investigator
• Any antibiotic (including Sulfasalazin) or antifungal treatment within 4 weeks before inclusion
• Probiotics intake within 4 weeks before inclusion
• Known infection with Clostridoides difficile or Escherichia coli within 10 days before inclusion
• Patients with unstable severe condition other than axial SpA on that could jeopardize treatment procedure or evaluation according to the investigator's assessment
• Previous FMT treatment
• Contra-indication to colon preparation (Moviprep® or Moviprep orange®) according to SmPC
• Current or past evidence of bowel obstruction
• Confirmed or suspected intestinal ischemia
• Confirmed or suspected toxic megacolon or gastrointestinal perforation
• Extended colectomy (> two-thirds of colon)
• Any gastro-intestinal bleeding in the past 3 months before inclusion
• Any history of gastro-intestinal surgery in the past 3 months before inclusion
• Severe organ dysfunction
• Any contra-indication to swallow capsules
• Known allergy or intolerance to IMP and / or excipients according to Investigator's Brochure
• Lack of access to a refrigerator to store the medication (MaaT033® or MaaT030®)
• Concomitant participation in another interventional clinical trial

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: No

Study design

Allocation

Randomized

Model

Parallel assignment

Masking

Quadruple blind

Primary purpose

Treatment

Study locations

France · 1 center

• Rheumatology Department, Ambroise Paré hospital - APHP — Boulogne-Billancourt

Identifiers

NCT: NCT05654753 · APHP220934 · 2023-504852-89-00

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗