Vascular Function, Sarcopenia and Pain in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Exploratory study involving functional explorations in longitudinal follow-up, initiated in parallel with a treatment indicated in the patient's usual care and management.

The main objective is the evaluation of the evolution of the vascular and endothelial function.

The secondary objectives are:

1. To study the evolution of cardiovascular parameters, 2. To study the evolution of sarcopenia, 3. To study the evolution of quality of life and pain, 4. To study the evolution of bone remodeling (by creating a collection of biological samples), 5. To study the genetic predisposition of osteoporosis including the confirmation of known genetic markers and the potential identification of new genetic variants involved (by creating a biobank), 6. To study epigenetic biomarkers in the osteoporosis patient population (by creating a biobank), 7. To study the role of the microbiota in osteoporosis patients (by creating a biobank), 8. To study the determinants of the evolution of the studied parameters and to identify trajectories (therapeutic response profiles).

As part of their usual care and management, patients will be diagnosed with osteoporosis and prescribed anti-osteoporotic drugs.

The patients will have six visits: a pre-selection visit that will take place in the Rheumatology Department of the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital and five visits that will take place in the Clinical Investigation Platform/Clinical Investigation Center (PIC/CIC) Inserm 1405 of the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital.

Visit 0 - Screening visit and diagnosis of osteoporosis T0-1: Rheumatology Department

During this visit, the investigator physician will perform various examinations and tests usually performed as part of the patient's usual care and management in order to establish a diagnosis of osteoporosis.

These examinations are as follows:

* Bone densitometry less than one year old using Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), * Bone biological assessment, including the following tests: Complete Blood Count (CBC), platelets, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), urea, creatinine with CKD-EPI clearance calculation, liver enzymes (AST, ALT), serum calcium, serum calcium corrected by albumin, serum phosphorus, serum protein electrophoresis, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), 25 OH vitamin D, serum CTX (C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen).

Some patients who require profile radiographs of the spine will have this examination added for the consultation, especially for the evaluation of vertebral fractures if the context justifies it. Other patients will also have these x-rays for the calculation of the abdominal aortic calcification score (Kauppila score) by the rheumatologist.

Body composition will be requested during the bone densitometry evaluation on the DXA machine.

Once the diagnosis of osteoporosis is confirmed, the physician will propose to the eligible patients to participate in this research protocol by explaining the objectives and the course of the study, and give them an information note in order to give them a necessary time of reflection of a maximum of one month, depending on the scheduling of the inclusion visit.

If patients are interested,the investigator physician will prescribe osteoporotic treatment to be started after the V1 (T0) inclusion visit.

Visit 1 - Inclusion visit - T0: PIC/CIC (2 hours)

During this visit, the physician will explain again the objectives and progress of the study with the different tests and questionnaires planned so that the patients can give their informed consent to participate.

During this visit, the following will be performed:

* A medical examination, * A blood sample in order to obtain a collection of biological samples for the purpose of:

1. Assess bone biomarkers (osteocalcin, sclerostin, periostin, irisin, N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type 1 (P1NP), Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) and C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type 1 (CTX)), 2. Characterize genetic predispositions to osteoporosis, 3. Characterize epigenetic biomarkers in the osteoporosis patient population by microRNA analysis, * Stool sampling to obtain a biobank for subsequent microbiota analysis, * Cardiovascular exploration based on the measurement of the increase in the diameter of the brachial artery (FMD, "Flow-Mediated Dilation"); measurement of the increase in digital volume (RHI, "Reactive Hyperhemia Index") and measurement of the microcirculatory perfusion of the skin at the level of the hand (FLD, "Flow Laser Doppler"), and measurement of the stiffness of the main arteries (aorta) by the technique of Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) measurement, * Exploration of sarcopenia: the following questionnaires and tests will be performed: SARC-F (Strength, Assistance with walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs, and Falls) and SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery), * Quality of life component questionnaires: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), Numerical Pain Scale (NPS), Bref Pain Inventory (BPI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADs).

Visit 2 (T0+1 year) and Visit 4 (T0+3 years): PIC/CIC (1h15)

During this visit, the following examinations, tests and questionnaires will be performed:

* A physical examination, * A blood and stool sample to obtain a collection of biological samples (bone biomarkers, microRNA and microbiota analyses), * A cardiovascular exploration with FMD, RHI, FLD and PWV measurements, * Exploration of sarcopenia: questionnaires and tests SARC-F, SPPB and measurement of muscle function will be performed, * Quality of life component questionnaires: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), SF-36 quality of life questionnaire, Numerical Pain Scale (NPS), Bref Pain Inventory (BPI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADs).

Visit 3 (T0+2 years) and visit 5 (T0+4 years): PIC/CIC (1h30)

During this visit, the following examinations, tests and questionnaires will be performed:

* A physical examination, * A blood and stool sample to obtain a collection of biological samples (bone biomarkers, microRNA and microbiota analyses), * A cardiovascular exploration with FMD, RHI, FLD and PWV measurements, * Exploration of sarcopenia: questionnaires and tests SARC-F, SPPB, measurement of muscle function and DXA with body composition measurement will be performed, * Quality of life component questionnaires: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), SF-36 quality of life questionnaire, Numerical Pain Scale (NPS), Bref Pain Inventory (BPI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADs).

Visit 5 will be the last visit of the study.

• Measurement of digital volume increase by RHI (Reactive hyperhemia index), (Endo-PAT2000; Itamar Medical Ltd, Israel). [Time frame: Visit 1: Day 0]
• Measurement of digital volume increase by RHI (Reactive hyperhemia index), (Endo-PAT2000; Itamar Medical Ltd, Israel). [Time frame: Visit 2: Day 0+1 year]
• Measurement of digital volume increase by RHI (Reactive hyperhemia index), (Endo-PAT2000; Itamar Medical Ltd, Israel). [Time frame: Visit 3: Day 0+2 years]
• Measurement of digital volume increase by RHI (Reactive hyperhemia index), (Endo-PAT2000; Itamar Medical Ltd, Israel). [Time frame: Visit 4: Day 0+3 years]
• Measurement of digital volume increase by RHI (Reactive hyperhemia index), (Endo-PAT2000; Itamar Medical Ltd, Israel). [Time frame: Visit 5: Day 0+4 years]
• Microcirculation measurement by FLD (Flow Laser Doppler), PeriFlux® (Perimed) [Time frame: Visit 1: Day 0]
• Microcirculation measurement by FLD (Flow Laser Doppler), PeriFlux® (Perimed) [Time frame: Visit 2: Day 0+1 year]
• Microcirculation measurement by FLD (Flow Laser Doppler), PeriFlux® (Perimed) [Time frame: Visit 3: Day 0+2 years]
• Microcirculation measurement by FLD (Flow Laser Doppler), PeriFlux® (Perimed) [Time frame: Visit 4: Day 0+3 years]
• Microcirculation measurement by FLD (Flow Laser Doppler), PeriFlux® (Perimed) [Time frame: Visit 5: Day 0+4 years]
• Sphygmocor CPV® (Atcor Medical) large artery stiffness measurement (PWV) [Time frame: Visit 1: Day 0]
• Sphygmocor CPV® (Atcor Medical) large artery stiffness measurement (PWV) [Time frame: Visit 2: Day 0+1 year]