Alliances to Disseminate Addiction Prevention and Treatment (ADAPT)

Official title

Alliances to Disseminate Addiction Prevention and Treatment (ADAPT): A Statewide Learning Health System to Reduce Substance Use Among Justice-Involved Youth in Rural Communities

Overview

Youth involved in the juvenile justice system (YJJ) bear a disproportionate burden of the addiction crisis. YJJ substance use (SU) is extremely prevalent, with a third of YJJ meeting criteria for a substance use disorder (SUD). The investigators seek to address the national addiction crisis at its epicenter. Despite their high need for SUD services, and the proliferation of evidence-based interventions to reduce SU, YJJ are rarely connected to needed, high-quality SU care. A care cascade model highlights gaps in YJJ achieving the full continuum of SUD care (i.e., SUD risk identification, treatment referral, treatment initiation, and treatment engagement). YJJ on community supervision/probation face a unique problem accessing SUD services; while the courts or probation may identify YJJ need for SUD care, YJJ must receive care through healthcare agencies in the community. The primary goal of the project, Alliances to Disseminate Addiction Prevention and Treatment (ADAPT) is to address this and other gaps along the care cascade for YJJ. The investigators will accomplish this goal by creating alliances between the juvenile justice system (JJ) agencies and community mental health centers (CMHCs) in eight Indiana counties. ADAPT takes a two-pronged approach. First, the investigators will employ a Learning Health System (LHS) to develop collaborative alliances between JJ agencies and CMHCs, organizations that traditionally operate independently. Second, the investigators will present local Cascade data during continuous quality improvement cycles within the LHS alliances. By offering agency representatives an opportunity to view and discuss, for example, the local rate at which YJJ with SUD risk are initiating CMHC SU services, the investigators will facilitate development of tailored, local solutions to improve the Cascade for each county's YJJ. To maximize long-term sustainability of ADAPT's JJ-CMHC alliances, the investigators will conduct this research in collaboration with leaders from an existing statewide initiative, the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI). JDAI is a juvenile justice reform effort that utilizes data-driven decision-making and is implemented in almost 300 counties across the US. If this project is successful, the JDAI infrastructure and support for this research will inform sustainment and expansion across Indiana and the nation. The investigators hypothesize that ADAPT - novel LHS alliances using Cascade data to implement localized solutions to YJJ receiving evidence-based addictions care - will positively impact SU and recidivism outcomes over time. The investigators seek to complete the following specific aims: AIM 1: Implement LHS alliances between JJ agencies and CMHCs. The investigators will establish LHS alliances: novel, collaborative partnerships between JJ agencies and CMHCs. AIM 2: Generate and track local solutions to address gaps in the Cascade for YJJ in rural Indiana counties. Quantifying local Cascade data will enable JJ agencies and CMHCs to suggest and implement tailored, evidenced-based interventions, which will be tracked through LHS quality improvement cycles. AIM 3: Assess implementation outcomes and processes. We will assess implementation outcomes, such as system alliance, among JJ and CHMC personnel using mixed methods. AIM 4: Assess the impact of ADAPT. Conduct a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of LHS alliances on the Cascade for YJJ. We will analyze administrative data linked across JJ and health systems to assess the long-term, community-wide effects of ADAPT on public health and safety outcomes (e.g., lower rates of SU-related outcomes and criminal recidivism).

Interventions

• Other Learning Health System
  This is a system-level intervention designed to improve collaboration among personnel from the juvenile and behavioral healthcare systems.

Primary outcome measures

• Utilization of substance use treatment services [Time frame: 10 years]
• Recidivism [Time frame: 10 years]
• Substance use related health outcomes [Time frame: 10 years]

Eligibility criteria

Youth Inclusion Criteria:

• Reside in a participating county assigned to receive the LHS intervention
• Utilized any local CMHC service during the 24-month intervention period
• Age 11 to 22 years old

Youth Exclusion Criteria:

• N/A

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: No

Study design

Allocation

Randomized

Model

Parallel assignment

Masking

Open label

Primary purpose

Treatment

Study locations

United States · 1 center

• Indiana University School of Medicine — Indianapolis

Publications

• O'Reilly LM, Dir A, Schwartz K, Kim Y, Borowiecki M, Taylor B, Adams ZW, Zapolski T, Hulvershorn L, Aalsma MC. Organizational readiness and program sustainability within juvenile justice and community mental health: the mediating role of cross-system collaboration. Implement Sci Commun. 2026 Apr 10;7(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s43058-026-00919-w. PMID 41964039
• Aalsma MC, Schwartz K, Sun D, O'Reilly LM, Brown SA, Monahan PO, Saldana L, Wiehe SE, Zapolski TCB, Hulvershorn LA, Adams ZW, Dir AL. Learning Health Systems and Substance Use Care Cascade Achievement Among Justice-Involved Youth: A Cluster-Randomized Stepped-Wedge Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2026 Feb 2;9(2):e2558222. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.58222. PMID 41665903
• O'Reilly L, Dir A, Schwartz K, Brown S, Ouyang F, Monahan P, Adams Z, Zapolski T, Hulvershorn L, Aalsma M. A descriptive analysis of substance use screening among youth involved in the legal system in eight counties. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2025 Oct 21;20(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s13722-025-00609-3. PMID 41121197
• O'Reilly L, Sun D, Schwartz K, Gillenwater L, Dir A, Monahan P, Aarons GA, Saldana L, Adams Z, Zapolski T, Hulvershorn L, Aalsma MC. Impact of learning health systems on cross-system collaboration between youth legal and community mental health systems: a type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial. Implement Sci Commun. 2024 Dec 24;5(1):142. doi: 10.1186/s43058-024-00686-6. PMID 39719625
• Ahrens K, Blackburn N, Aalsma M, Haggerty K, Kelleher K, Knight DK, Joseph E, Mulford C, Ryle T, Tolou-Shams M. Prevention of Opioid Use and Disorder Among Youth Involved in the Legal System: Innovation and Implementation of Four Studies Funded by the NIDA HEAL Initiative. Prev Sci. 2023 Oct;24(Suppl 1):99-110. doi: 10.1007/s11121-023-01566-6. Epub 2023 Jul 1. PMID 37393415

Identifiers

NCT: NCT04499079 · 1910282231 · UG1DA050070

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗